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Reef Tank Design: How to Create Different Reef Zones

by Brian Dunleavy
Reef Tank Design: How to Create Different Reef Zones

Beneath the surface of our oceans is one masterpiece of natural engineering: the coral reef. In these vibrant ecosystems, nature has indeed set out to show just how well distinct zones can be created, each with unique communities of marine life. For the aquarist who seeks to recreate this underwater wonder, understanding and implementing these different reef zones is essential for a thriving miniature reef ecosystem.

Natural coral reefs are divided into distinct zones with particular light, water motion, and biological relationships. From the wave-pounded reef crest, where the waves crash overhead, to the tranquil lagoon waters and the dark depths of the reef slope, each zone presents its own set of challenges and opportunities for marine life. We can replicate these various environments in our home aquariums as microhabitats that will fulfill the different needs of various species and display the fantastic biodiversity of reef ecosystems.

At Reefco Aquariums, we have helped many hobbyists design and install astounding reef tanks that demonstrate nature's architecture underwater. Let us explore how you can create fascinating reef zones inside your aquarium!

What are natural reef zones?

If you have ever explored the underwater world, you probably noticed that there are specific zones in a coral reef. The water movement and intensity of light or depth bring about this zone. Corals have existed for 500 million years on Earth, and through the years, each species of coral has adapted to those conditions. Mimicking these reef zones gives your aquarium a more natural appearance and provides the right growing conditions for your corals to thrive. 

The upper reef zone

The upper reef zone, otherwise known as the light-loving zone, is the reef crest of the ocean, and it receives the highest light intensity and the most powerful water flow.  

This zone is ideal for:

When building an upper reef zone in your aquarium, you must have an elevated rock structure so your corals can have adequate light. You must also produce turbulent and strong water movement in this zone to provide sufficient oxygen and eliminate detritus from accumulating.


The middle reef zone

This zone acts like a transition zone, providing your corals with moderate lighting and water flow. In nature, this would be a sloping reef. 

Ideal corals for this zone include:

We recommend designing this zone with a mix of hollow structures, mangrove roots, and some raised surfaces to have both partial shelter and exposed areas. This zone allows for different placements meeting your coral’s needs. 


Lower reef zone

The lower reef zone (the low-light zone), has gentle water flow and low light intensity.

This zone is ideal for:

When designing this area, we recommend adding overhangs and caves that provide natural shaded areas for the corals. These overhangs and caves are also ideal for many reef fish and invertebrates.

Considerations before you create your reef zones

Here are three things to consider before you create your reef zones;

Aquascape structure

  • Try and design natural-looking overhangs and ledges

  • Add swim-throughs for reef fish

  • Allow spaces for coral growth among rock formations

  • Create a comfortable and stable base with large rocks

Lighting 

  • Use different coral placements when creating the framework of your rockwork

  • Achieve proper light gradations by applying adjustable LED or multiple lighting setup

  • Leave enough space between corals to prevent shade occurrences

  • Remember that the greater the water depth, the less the light intensity

Water flow

  • Check dead spots are minimal

  • Place multiple powerheads to create circular and varied water flow patterns

  • To direct and channel water movement, you can use rock structures

How to plan reef zones inside an aquarium

Placing corals inside an aquarium is an exciting time, but before you add any corals, you need to consider a few extra points we should cover. 

Tank dimensions

  • Taller tanks allow for more distinct zonation

  • Wider tanks can facilitate more zone separation horizontally

  • Viewing angles - consider this when placing corals

Equipment placement

  • Locate return pumps for optimal flow patterns

  • Locate powerheads for optimal circulation

  • Ensure that aquarium equipment is placed with ease of maintenance access

Future growth

  • Space between corals for growth

  • Plan for coral growth when placing rocks

  • Be cautious of aggression zones when placing sensitive corals 


Professional design & installation services

While this guide provides an excellent foundation for designing reef zones, achieving the perfect setup can be challenging. At Reefco Aquariums, our team of professionals can help you turn your reef vision into reality through our professional design and installation services

We can:


Tips for success

  • Start Slowly

  • Start with hardy corals in each zone

  • Give the system time to settle 

  • Monitor coral growth and behavior before adding more corals 

  • Frequently perform water changes 

  • Use a high-quality reef salt mix and supplements 

  • Watch for signs of coral stress 

  • Adjust flow and lighting as necessary 

  • Move corals if they are not doing well in their current position 



Conclusion

Creating distinct reef zones in your aquarium requires careful planning and understanding of coral requirements. Whether you're setting up your first reef tank or upgrading an existing system, proper reef zone design will go a long way toward assuring the long-term success of your coral reef aquarium.

Need help designing or setting up your reef tank? Whether you have a small or large reef system, Reefco Aquariums provides the expertise required to create your dream aquarium from design to final installation. Contact us today! 

 

by Brian Dunleavy